Under IFRS 9, loss allowances are measured on either of the following bases:

• 12-months ECLs: these are ECLs that result from possible default events within the 12 months after the reporting date; or
• lifetime ECLs: these are ECLs that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument.

When determining whether the credit risk of a financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition and when estimating ECLs, the Company considers reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue cost or effort. This includes both quantitative and qualitative information and analysis, based on the Group’s historical experience and informed credit assessment and including forward-looking information.

The Company considers a financial asset to be in default when:

• the borrower is unlikely to pay its credit obligations to the Company in full, without recourse by the Company to actions such as realizing security (if any is held); or
• the financial asset is more than 90 days past due.

The Company considers an investment to have low credit risk when its credit risk rating is equivalent to the globally understood definition of ‘investment grade’. The Company limits its exposure to credit risk by investing only in bond funds which are fully guaranteed by the financial institutions and therefore represents short term credit rating of A-3 based on Standard & Poor’s or P-2 based on Moody’s.

Trade receivables

The Company measures loss allowances for trade receivables at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs. ECLs are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. The Company calculates the ECL based on the risk scoring its customers’ according to an external rating agency. Following the risk score of each customer, the trade receivables are clustered into different grades. For each grade, the ECL is calculated after deducting from trade receivables a loss allowance based on actual credit loss experience. In addition the Company uses qualitative assessment of the trade receivables, where default has incurred.

The Group considers an equity security to have low credit risk when its credit risk rating is equivalent to the globally understood definition of ‘investment grade’. The Group limits its exposure to credit risk by investing only in bond funds which are fully guaranteed by the financial institutions and therefore represents.

Presentation of impairment

Loss allowances for financial assets measured at amortized cost are deducted from the gross carrying amount of the assets and presented within other operating expenses.

Impairment losses on financial assets classified as FVTPL and FCOCI are presented within the finance expense and other comprehensive income, respectively.

The following table presents the original measurement categories under IAS 39 and the new measurement categories under IFRS 9 for each class of the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities as of January 1, 2018.